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8-65X Track Stand LED Dual Illuminated Light Binocular Parallel Zoom Stereo Microscope PZ04010325

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  • 8-65X Track Stand LED Dual Illuminated Light Binocular Parallel Zoom Stereo Microscope PZ04010325
  • 8-65X Track Stand LED Dual Illuminated Light Binocular Parallel Zoom Stereo Microscope PZ04010325
  • 8-65X Track Stand LED Dual Illuminated Light Binocular Parallel Zoom Stereo Microscope PZ04010325
  • 8-65X Track Stand LED Dual Illuminated Light Binocular Parallel Zoom Stereo Microscope PZ04010325
  • 8-65X Track Stand LED Dual Illuminated Light Binocular Parallel Zoom Stereo Microscope PZ04010325
  • 8-65X Track Stand LED Dual Illuminated Light Binocular Parallel Zoom Stereo Microscope PZ04010325
  • 8-65X Track Stand LED Dual Illuminated Light Binocular Parallel Zoom Stereo Microscope PZ04010325
Instruction Manual
PZ0401 Parallel Zoom Stereo Microscope Instruction Manual-English.pdf

Quick Overview
Infinite. Total Magnification: 8-65X. 10X Adjustable Eyepiece. 1X Infinity Plan Achromatic Objective. Zoom Ratio: 1:8. Body Mounting Size for Stand: Dia. 76mm. Eye Tube Angle: 0-35°. Eyepiece Field of View: Dia. 24mm. Track Stand. Illumination Type: LED Dual Illuminated Light . Top Illumination: Oblique Top Light. Input Voltage: AC 100-240V 50/60Hz.

PZ04010325 Binocular Parallel Zoom Stereo Microscope
Optical System Specifications
Optical SystemInfinite
System Optical Magnification8-65X
Expandable System Optical Magnification (Optional Parts Required)2.4-260X
Total Magnification8-65X
Standard Eyepiece10X Adjustable Eyepiece
Standard Objective1X Infinity Plan Achromatic Objective
System Field of View Dia. 3.69-30mm
Expandable System Field of View Dia. 0.46-100mm
System Working Distance78mm
Expandable System Working Distance32.5-276mm
Stereo Binocular Head
0-35° Stereo Binocular Head
Eye Tube Optical SystemInfinite
Eye Tube TypeFor Stereo Microscope
Eye Tube Adjustment ModeSiedentopf
Eye Tube Angle0-35°
Erect/Inverted ImageErect image
Eye Tube Rotatable360° Degree Rotatable
Interpupillary Adjustment56-143mm
Eye Tube Inner Diameter Dia. 30mm
Eye Tube Fixing ModeElastic Tube locking
Eye Tube Size for Scope Body/Carrier Dia. 60mm
Surface TreatmentSpray Paint
MaterialMetal
ColorWhite
Net Weight1.38kg (3.04lbs)
Eyepiece
10X Adjustable Eyepiece (Pair Dia. 30/FN24)
Eyepiece TypeAdjustable Eyepiece
Eyepiece Optical Magnification10X
Plan EyepiecePlan Eyepiece
Eyepiece Size for Eye Tube Dia. 30mm
Eyepiece Field of View Dia. 24mm
Eyepoint TypeHigh Eyepoint Eyepiece
Eyepiece Size for Reticle Dia. 27mm
Eyepiece Diopter Correction±5°
Surface TreatmentElectroplating Black
MaterialMetal
ColorBlack
Net Weight0.14kg (0.30lbs)
Applied FieldFor PZ0401, PZ0801 Series Microscope
Stereo Objective
1X Infinity Plan Achromatic Objective
Objective Optical SystemInfinite
Objective Optical Magnification1X
Objective TypePlan Achromatic Objective
Objective Working Distance78mm
Numerical Aperture (N.A.)N.A. 0.08
Objective Screw ThreadM58x1.25mm
Objective Outer Diameter Dia. 60mm
Objective Height57mm
Surface TreatmentElectroplating Black
MaterialMetal
ColorBlack
Net Weight0.40kg (0.88lbs)
Applied FieldFor PZ0401 Series Microscope, Nikon SMZ 800/1000 Microscope
Parallel Zoom Body
0.8-6.5X Parallel Zoom Body
Body Optical SystemInfinite
Body Magnification0.8-6.5X
Zoom Range0.8-6.5X
Zoom Ratio1:8
Zoom Operating ModeWith Two Horizontal Knobs
Body Mounting Size for Stand Dia. 76mm
Body Mount Type for Eye TubeFastening Screw
Body Mounting Size for Eye Tube Dia. 67mm
Objective Screw ThreadM58x1.25mm
Surface TreatmentSpray Paint
MaterialMetal
ColorWhite
Net Weight0.88kg (1.94lbs)
Track Stand
76mm LED Dual Illuminated Light Track Stand
Stand TypeTrack Stand
Holder Adapter Type Dia. 76mm Scope Holder
Track Length280mm
Base TypeIllumination Base
Base ShapeFan-Shape
Stand Throat Depth130mm
Base Dimensions240x285x39mm
Focus ModeManual
Focus Distance102mm
Coarse Focus Distance per Rotation40mm (1.575 in. )
Focusing Knob Tightness AdjustableTightness Adjustable
Illumination TypeLED Dual Illuminated Light
Top IlluminationOblique Top Light
Top Illumination TypeLED
Bottom Illumination TypeLED
Input VoltageAC 100-240V 50/60Hz
Power Cord Connector TypeUSA 3 Pins
Power Cable Length1.8m
Surface TreatmentSpray Paint
MaterialMetal
ColorWhite
Net Weight3.65kg (8.05lbs)
Dimensions240x285x345mm (9.449x11.22x13.583 in. )
Microscope Plate
100x2.5mm Black Plate
Plate TypeBlack Plate
Plate Size Dia. 100x2.5mm
MaterialPlastic (ABS)
ColorBlack
Net Weight0.02kg (0.04lbs)
Applied FieldForST0403, ST0404 Series Track Stand
100x2.5mm White Plate
Plate TypeWhite Plate
Plate Size Dia. 100x2.5mm
MaterialPlastic (ABS)
ColorWhite
Net Weight0.02kg (0.04lbs)
Applied FieldForST0403, ST0404 Series Track Stand
100x2.5mm Clear Glass Plate
Plate TypeClear Glass Plate
Plate Size Dia. 100x2.5mm
MaterialClear Float Glass
Net Weight0.06kg (0.13lbs)
Applied FieldForST0403, ST0404 Series Track Stand
Other Parameters
Surface TreatmentSpray Paint
MaterialMetal
ColorWhite
Net Weight6.50kg (14.33lbs)
Dimensions240x285x345mm (9.449x11.22x13.583 in. )
Series
PZ0401PZ04010325

 


Contains  
Parts Including
PictureP/NProduct Name
PZ040112010.8-6.5X Parallel Zoom Body
PZ040125210-35° Stereo Binocular Head
PZ0401322110X Adjustable Eyepiece (Pair Φ30/FN24)
PZ040144311X Infinity Plan Achromatic Objective
ST0403040176mm LED Dual Illuminated Light Track Stand
Desiccant Bag3 Bags
Product Instructions/Operation Manual1pc
Packing  
Packaging TypeCarton Packaging
Packaging MaterialCorrugated Carton
Packaging Dimensions(1)34x30x58cm (13.386x11.811x22.835″)
Packaging Dimensions(2)26x18x15cm (10.236x7.086x5.905″)
Packaging Dimensions(3)26x17.5x18cm (10.236x6.890x7.086″)
Inner Packing MaterialPlastic Bag
Ancillary Packaging MaterialsExpanded Polystyrene
Gross Weight8.50kg (18.74lbs)
Minimum Packaging Quantity3pc
Transportation CartonCarton Packaging
Transportation Carton MaterialCorrugated Carton
Transportation Carton Dimensions(1)34x30x58cm (13.386x11.811x22.835″)
Transportation Carton Dimensions(2)26x18x15cm (10.236x7.086x5.905″)
Transportation Carton Dimensions(3)26x17.5x18cm (10.236x6.890x7.086″)
Total Gross Weight of Transportation(kilogram)8.50
Total Gross Weight of Transportation(pound)18.74
Quantity of One Transportation Carton3pc

Technical Info

Instructions
Stereo MicroscopeClose Λ
Stereo microscopes are also known as the anatomical microscopes, or dissecting microscopes. Many people would refer to stereo microscope as Stereo, and the Continuous Zoom Microscope as Zoom.
Stereo microscopes are a kind of binocular microscope that observes an object with both eyes from different angles, thereby causing a stereoscopic effect.
The stereo microscope adopts two independent optical paths, and the left and right beams in the binocular tube have a certain angle, generally 12°~15°. The objects are observed from different angles of the two optical paths, causing a three-dimensional effect on the eyes, and therefore a stereo microscope is a true 3D microscope.

Compared with other compound microscopes, stereo microscopes belong to the low power optical microscope. The field of view of stereo microscopes has a large diameter, its magnification is generally below 200X for optical magnification. When the magnification is greater than 40X, the stereoscopic effect of the image will be relatively poor.
Therefore, the advantage of the stereo microscope is not that its magnification is large, but that its working distance is long and the depth of field is large, which is particularly suitable for observing objects with a high degree of three-dimensional features.
For compound microscope with a single optical path, what we see is only a flat image. Although most compound microscopes have two eyepieces, what we actually see is one and the same image, and this is just to facilitate the observation habits of our two eyes. The stereo microscope has two optical paths (two objective lenses or one common objective lens), and only the three-dimensional sense produced under observation of the two optical paths can make people judge the three-dimensional spatial position of the observed object, which can generate a sense of distance under the microscope. Therefore, only stereo microscope can be used for operation under the microscope which is very suitable for surgery, dissection, industrial welding, assembly, precision instrument repair and so on.

The stereo microscope can be equipped with a wide range of accessories. It can be combined with various digital cameras and photographic interfaces, microscope cameras, eyepiece cameras and image analysis software to form a digital imaging system. It can be connected to a computer for analysis and processing, and its lighting system also has different options for illumination, such as reflected light, transmitted light, etc.
Stereoscopic microscopes are widely used in various fields, such as biology, medicine, agriculture, forestry, marine life, and other various departments. They are especially used in industry, for macroscopic surface observation, analysis, and microscopic operations.

Stereoscopic microscopes were invented by American instrument engineer Horatio S. Greenough in the 1890s, manufactured by Carl Zeiss Company of Germany, and are widely used in scientific research, archaeological exploration, industrial quality control, biopharmaceuticals, and more.


Stereo Microscope Quick Operation Steps
Step 1
In the working position, place the microscope on the workbench after installation.
Connect the power source, and turn on the light source.
Place an observation sample (also known as specimen) such as a coin etc. under the microscope or on the base.
Adjust the focus knob of the stand by visually measuring the height, or based on the working distance parameters of the objective lens used.

Step 2
Adjust the zoom knob of the microscope to the lowest magnification. Find the approximate image by adjusting the focus knob. Find a certain feature point of the sample in approximately the center position.
Align the feature point of the specimen and gradually adjust to a large magnification.
Adjust the lift set of the microscope to find the focal plane of the highest magnification. During the adjustment process, use a sample with obvious feature points (such as a coin) to compare the sharpness of the image.
Turn the zoom knob again to the lowest magnification. It is possible that the image may be out of focus. At this time, do not adjust the focusing knob. Simply adjust the diopters on the two eyepieces to accommodate differences in eye observations (diopter varies from person to person).
Adjust the viewing distance of the eyepiece to achieve a comfortable position.
At this point, the microscope is already parfocal, i.e., when the microscope is changed from high power to low power, the entire image is in the focal plane. To observe the same sample, it is not necessary to adjust other parts of the microscope. Only the zoom knob is needed to zoom in on the specimen for observation.

Step 3
Adjust the light source, including the brightness and angle of incidence to get the best image or see additional details.

Step 4
Adjust any other necessary equipment such as the photographic eyepieces, cameras, etc., to show the image on the display or to find the sharpest image.

When using binocular observation and the left and right images or sharpness is not the same, first adjust the diopter adjustment on the eyepiece. This adjusts the parallax of the two eyes, so that the image of the two eyes are consistent. It is normal to feel viewing fatigue when using a microscope for a long time. Take a break before working again to adapt your eyes to using the microscope. If the microscope is used for too long, or if there is a problem inside the microscope due to large temperature difference, vibration, etc., please contact your dealer or our service staff on the BoliOptics website.
InfiniteClose Λ
Microscopes and components have two types of optical path design structures.
One type is finite optical structural design, in which light passing through the objective lens is directed at the intermediate image plane (located in the front focal plane of the eyepiece) and converges at that point. The finite structure is an integrated design, with a compact structure, and it is a kind of economical microscope.
Another type is infinite optical structural design, in which the light between the tube lens after passing the objective lens becomes "parallel light". Within this distance, various kinds of optical components necessary such as beam splitters or optical filters call be added, and at the same time, this kind of design has better imaging results. As the design is modular, it is also called modular microscope. The modular structure facilitates the addition of different imaging and lighting accessories in the middle of the system as required.
The main components of infinite and finite, especially objective lens, are usually not interchangeable for use, and even if they can be imaged, the image quality will also have some defects.

The separative two-objective lens structure of the dual-light path of stereo microscope (SZ/FS microscope) is also known as Greenough.
Parallel optical microscope uses a parallel structure (PZ microscope), which is different from the separative two-object lens structure, and because its objective lens is one and the same, it is therefore also known as the CMO common main objective.
System Optical MagnificationClose Λ
The magnification of the objective lens refers to the lateral magnification, it is the ratio of the image to the real size after the original image is magnified by the instrument. This multiple refers to the length or width of the magnified object.
System optical magnification is the product of the eyepiece and the objective lens (objective lens zoom set) of the optical imaging part within the system.
Optical magnification = eyepiece multiple X objective lens/objective lens set

The maximum optical magnification of the microscope depends on the wavelength of the light to which the object is illuminated. The size of the object that can be observed must be greater than the wavelength of the light. Otherwise, the light cannot be reflected or transmitted, or recognized by the human eye. The shortest wavelength of ultraviolet light is 0.2 microns, so the resolution of the optical microscope in the visible range does not exceed 0.2 microns, or 200 nanometers. This size is converted to the magnification of the microscope, and it is the optical magnification of 2000X. Usually, the compound microscope can achieve 100X objective lens, the eyepiece is 20X, and the magnification can reach 2000X. If it is bigger, it will be called "invalid magnification", that is, the image is large, but the resolution is no longer increased, and no more details and information can be seen.
Total MagnificationClose Λ
Total magnification is the magnification of the observed object finally obtained by the instrument. This magnification is often the product of the optical magnification and the electronic magnification.
When it is only optically magnified, the total magnification will be the optical magnification.

Total magnification = optical magnification X electronic magnification
Total magnification = (objective X photo eyepiece) X (display size / camera sensor target )
System Field of ViewClose Λ
Field of View, is also called FOV.
The field of view, or FOV, refers to the size of the object plane (i.e., the plane of the point of the observed object perpendicular to the optical axis), or of its conjugate plane (i.e., object to primary image distance), represented by a line value.
System field of view is the size of the actual diameter of the image of the terminal display device of the instrument, such as the size of the image in the eyepiece or in the display.

Field of view number refers to the diameter of the field diaphragm of the objective lens, or the diameter of the image plane formed by the field diaphragm.
Field of view number of objective lens = field of view number of eyepiece / (objective magnification / mechanical tube length)

Large field of view makes it easy to observe the full view and more range of the observed object, but the field of view (FOV) is inversely proportional to the magnification and inversely proportional to the resolution, that is, the larger the field of view, the smaller the magnification, and also the lower the resolution of the object to be observed.
There are usually two ways to increase the field of view, one is to replace with an objective lens of a smaller multiple, or to replace with an eyepiece of a smaller multiple.
System Working DistanceClose Λ
Working distance, also referred to as WD, is usually the vertical distance from the foremost surface end of the objective lens of the microscope to the surface of the observed object.
When the working distance or WD is large, the space between the objective lens and the object to be observed is also large, which can facilitate operation and the use of corresponding lighting conditions.
In general, system working distance is the working distance of the objective lens. When some other equipment, such as a light source etc., is used below the objective lens, the working distance (i.e., space) will become smaller.

Working distance or WD is related to the design of the working distance of the objective lens. Generally speaking, the bigger the magnification of the objective lens, the smaller the working distance. Conversely, the smaller the magnification of the objective lens, the greater the working distance.
When it is necessary to change the working distance requirement, it can be realized by changing the magnification of the objective lens.
SiedentopfClose Λ
For siedentopf eyetube, when changing the interpupillary distance, it requires two hands pushing or pulling the two eyetubes left and right simultaneously, and the two eyepiece tubes or eyetubes will change their position at the same time.
Eye Tube AngleClose Λ
Usually the Microscope Eyetube is 45°, some is 30°, Tiltable Eyetube Angle design of a microscope is also known as the ergonomics microscope.
0-30° or 0-45° is an ergonomic design. When the mechanical tube length / focal length of the tube of the microscope is relatively big, the microscope is relatively high, and the user's height or the seat of the work desk is not suitable, long-term use of microscope may cause sitting discomfort.
Eyepiece tube with variable angle can freely adjust the angle without lowering the head. Especially when it is close to 0 degree and the human eye is close to horizontal viewing, long-time or long-term use can avoid fatigue damage to the cervical vertebra.
Erect/Inverted ImageClose Λ
After imaging through a set of objective lenses, the object observed and the image seen by the human eye is inverted. When the observed object is manipulated, move the specimen or object, the image will move in the opposite direction in the field of view. Most of the biological microscopes are reversed-phase designs.
When needing to operate works with accurate direction, it is necessary to design it into a forward microscope. Generally stereo microscopes and metallurgical microscopes are all of erect image design.
When observing through the camera and display, the erect and inverted image can be changed by the orientation of the camera.
360° Degree RotatableClose Λ
The eyepiece of the microscope can have different viewing or observing directions. When the position of the microscope is uncomfortable, the direction of the eyepiece tube of the microscope can be adjusted, to facilitate observation and operation.

Placement method of different viewing angles of the microscope:
General direction: the support column is behind the object to be observed
Reverse direction: the support column is in front of the object to be observed
Lateral direction: the support column is on the side of the object to be observed
Rotating eyepiece tube, different microscopes may have different methods, for some, the direction is confirmed when installing the eyepiece tube of the microscope, for some, by rotating the body of the microscope, and for some, by rotating the support member on the support or holder of the microscope.
Interpupillary AdjustmentClose Λ
The distance between the two pupils of the human eye is different. When the image of exit pupil of the two eyepieces of the microscope are not aligned with the entry pupil of the eye, the two eyes will see different images, which can cause discomfort.
Adjust the distance between the two eyepieces, to accommodate or adapt to the pupil distance of the observer's eyes. The adjustment range is generally between 55-75mm.
Adjustable EyepieceClose Λ
The adjustable eyepiece is between the lens of the eyepiece and the focal plane, with distance adjustable device.
For most people, their two eyes, the left and the right, have different vision. For adjustable eyepieces, the eyepoint height of the eyepiece can be adjusted to compensate for the difference in vision between the two eyes, making the image in the two eyes clear and consistent.
The range of adjustment of the general eyepiece is that the diopter is plus or minus 5 degrees, and the maximum difference between the two eyepieces can reach 10 degrees. Before use, it is generally necessary to adjust both eyepieces to the initial position where the scale is displayed as 0, which is used as a baseline to facilitate up and down adjustment.
The reticle position of the eyepiece is generally 10mm below the fixed position of the eyepiece tube. Because the vision of each person is different, some people may not be able to see the reticle clearly. For adjustable eyepiece, the height of the reticle position can be adjusted to make the reticle and the observed object clear at the same time, this is the advantage of adjustable eyepiece that mounts the diopter adjustment on the eyepiece tube compared with non-adjustable eyepiece.
When non-adjustable eyepiece is equipped with a reticle, if the diopter is adjusted, the reticle will rotate accordingly, thereby affecting the position of the measurement. For adjustable eyepiece, when its diopter is adjusted, its reticle does not rotate.

Eyepiece Optical MagnificationClose Λ
Eyepiece optical magnification is the visual magnification of the virtual image after initial imaging through the eyepiece. When the human eye observes through the eyepiece, the ratio of the tangent of the angle of view of the image and the tangent of the angle of view of the human eye when viewing or observing the object directly at the reference viewing distance is usually calculated according to 250 mm/focal length of eyepiece.
The standard configuration of a general microscope is a 10X eyepiece.
Usually, the magnification of the eyepiece of compound microscope is 5X, 8X, 10X, 12.5X, 16X, 20X.
As stereo microscope has a low total magnification, its eyepiece magnification generally does not use 5X, but can achieve 25X, 30X and other much bigger magnification.
Eyepiece Field of ViewClose Λ
The eyepiece field of view is the diameter of the field diaphragm of the eyepiece, or the diameter of the image plane of the field diaphragm imaged by the field diaphragm.
The diameter of a large field of view can increase the viewing range, and see more detail in the field of view. However, if the field of view is too large, the spherical aberration and distortion around the eyepiece will increase, and the stray light around the field of view will affect the imaging effect.
Eyepoint TypeClose Λ
Eye point refers to the axial distance between the upper end of the metal frame of the eyepiece and the exit of pupil.
The exit of pupil distance of high eyepoint eyepiece is farther than that of the eye lens of the ordinary eyepiece. When this distance is greater than or equal to 18mm, it is a high eyepoint eyepiece. When observing, one does not need to be too close to the eyepiece lens, making it comfort to observe, and it can also be viewed with glasses. Generally, there is a glasses logo on the eyepiece, indicating that it is a high eyepoint eyepiece.
Objective Optical MagnificationClose Λ
The finite objective is the lateral magnification of the primary image formed by the objective at a prescribed distance.

Infinite objective is the lateral magnification of the real image produced by the combination of the objective and the tube lens.
Infinite objective magnification = tube lens focal length (mm) / objective focal length (mm)

Lateral magnification of the image, that is, the ratio of the size of the image to the size of the object.
The larger the magnification of the objective, the higher the resolution, the smaller the corresponding field of view, and the shorter the working distance.
Objective TypeClose Λ
In the case of polychromatic light imaging, the aberration caused by the light of different wavelengths becomes chromatic aberration. Achromatic aberration is to correct the axial chromatic aberration to the two line spectra (C line, F line); apochromatic aberration is to correct the three line spectra (C line, D line, F line).
The objective is designed according to the achromaticity and the flatness of the field of view. It can be divided into the following categories.

Achromatic objective: achromatic objective has corrected the chromatic aberration, spherical aberration, and comatic aberration. The chromatic portion of the achromatic objective has corrected only red and green, so when using achromatic objective, yellow-green filters are often used to reduce aberrations. The aberration of the achromatic objective in the center of the field of view is basically corrected, and as its structure is simple, the cost is low, it is commonly used in a microscope.

Semi-plan achromatic objective: in addition to meeting the requirements of achromatic objective, the curvature of field and astigmatism of the objective should also be properly corrected.
Plan achromatic objective: in addition to meeting the requirements of achromatic objectives, the curvature of field and astigmatism of the objective should also be well corrected. The plan objective provides a very good correction of the image plane curvature in the field of view of the objective, making the entire field of view smooth and easy to observe, especially in measurement it has achieved a more accurate effect.

Plan semi-apochromatic objective: in addition to meeting the requirements of plan achromatic objective, it is necessary to well correct the secondary spectrum of the objective (the axial chromatic aberration of the C line and the F line).
Plan apochromatic objective: in addition to meeting the requirements of plan achromatic objective, it is necessary to very well correct the tertiary spectrum of the objective (the axial chromatic aberration of the C line, the D line and the F line) and spherochromatic aberration. The apochromatic aberration has corrected the chromatic aberration in the range of red, green and purple (basically the entire visible light), and there is basically no limitation on the imaging effect of the light source. Generally, the apochromatic aberration is used in a high magnification objective.

Objective Working DistanceClose Λ
The objective working distance is the vertical distance from the foremost surface end of the objective of the microscope to the object surface to be observed.
Generally, the greater the magnification, the higher the resolution of the objective, and the smaller the working distance, the smaller the field of view. Conversely, the smaller the magnification, the lower the resolution of the objective, and the greater the working distance, and greater the field of view.
High-magnification objectives (such as 80X and 100X objectives) have a very short working distance. Be very careful when focusing for observation. Generally, it is after the objective is in position, the axial limit protection is locked, then the objective is moved away from the direction of the observed object.
The relatively greater working distance leaves a relatively large space between the objective and the object to be observed. It is suitable for under microscope operation, and it is also easier to use more illumination methods. The defect is that it may reduce the numerical aperture of the objective, thereby reducing the resolution.
Numerical Aperture (N.A.)Close Λ
Numerical aperture, N.A. for short, is the product of the sinusoidal function value of the opening or solid angle of the beam reflected or refracted from the object into the mouth of the objective and the refractive index of the medium between the front lens of the objective and the object.
Simply speaking, it is the magnitude of the luminous flux that can be brought in to the mouth of the objective adapter, the closer the objective to the specimen for observation, the greater the solid angle of the beam entering the mouth of the objective adapter, the greater the N.A. value, and the higher the resolution of the objective.
When the mouth of the objective adapter is unchanged and the working distance between the objective and the specimen is constant, the refractive index of the medium will be of certain meaning. For example, the refractive index of air is 1, water is 1.33, and cedar oil is 1.515, therefore, when using an aqueous medium or cedar oil, a greater N.A. value can be obtained, thereby improving the resolution of the objective.

Formula is：
N.A. = refractive index of the medium X sin solid angle of the beam of the object entering the front lens frame of the objective/ 2

Numerical aperture of the objective. Usually, there is a calculation method for the magnification of the microscope. That is, the magnification of the microscope cannot exceed 1000X of the objective. For example, the numerical aperture of a 100X objective is 1.25, when using a 10X eyepiece, the total magnification is 1000X, far below 1.25 X 1000 = 1250X, then the image seen in the eyepiece is relatively clear; if a 20X eyepiece is used, the total magnification will reach 2000X, much higher than 1250X, then eventhoughthe image actually seen by the 20X eyepiece is relatively large, the effect will be relatively poor.
Objective Screw ThreadClose Λ
For microscopes of different manufacturers and different models, the thread size of their objectives may also be different.
In general, the objective threads are available in two standard sizes, allowing similar objectives between different manufacturers to be used interchangeably.
One is the British system: RMS type objective thread: 4/5in X 1/36in,
One is metric: M25 X 0.75mm thread.
Zoom RangeClose Λ
Zoom in zoom microscope means to obtain different magnifications by changing the focal length of the objective lens within a certain range through adjustment of some lens or lens set while not changing the position of the object plane (that is, the plane of the point of the observed object perpendicular to the optical axis) and the image plane (that is, the plane of the image imaging focus and perpendicular to the optical axis) of the microscope.
Zoom range refers to the range in which the magnification is from low to high. In the zoom range of the microscope, there is no need to adjust the microscope knob for focusing, and ensure that the image is always clear during the entire zoom process.
The larger the zoom range, the stronger the adaptability of the range for microscope observation, but the image effects at both ends of the low and high magnification should be taken into consideration, the larger the zoom range, the more difficult to design and manufacture, and the higher the cost will be.
Zoom RatioClose Λ
Zoom ratio is the ratio of the maximum magnification / the minimum magnification. Expressed as 1: (ratio of maximum magnification / minimum magnification). If the maximum magnification is 4.5X, the minimum magnification is 0.7X, then the zoom ratio = 4.5 / 0.7 = 6.4, the zoom ratio will be 1:6.4.
Zoom ratio is obtained by the intermediate magnification group of the microscope. When the magnification is increased or decreased by using other objective lenses, the zoom ratio does not change accordingly.
With Two Horizontal KnobsClose Λ
When microscope body changes the magnification, it is realized by adjusting the horizontally placed zoom knob. Because the knob is relatively small, it is therefore easier to zoom and the image is stable.
For most of the dual stereo microscopes, magnification is realized by adjusting the zoom drum or nosepiece below. When the nosepiece is relatively big, frequent operation is more laborious. Magnifying while observing, the microscope may shake, thereby causing eye discomfort for observation.
Using zoom drum or nosepiece type microscope, if there is a ring light under the microscope, the ring light carries the wire, and when magnification conversion is often required, the ring light and the wire will swing along with the magnification, which makes the operation inconvenient. This situation will not occur to zoom with two horizontal knobs.
Track StandClose Λ
Throughout the focusing range, the track stand moves up and down along the guide rail through the focusing mechanism to achieve the purpose of focusing the microscope. This kind of structure is relatively stable, and the microscope is always kept moving up and down vertically along a central axis. When the focus is adjusted, it is not easy to shake, and there is no free sliding phenomenon. It is a relatively common and safe and reliable accessory.
The size of the stand is generally small, flexible and convenient, and most of them are placed on the table for use, Therefore, together with the post stand, it is also called “desktop or table top stand".
With regard to the height of the stand, most manufacturers usually do not make it very high. If the guide rail is long, it is easy to deform, and relatively more difficult .
Dia. 76mm Scope HolderClose Λ
The 76mm stand scope holder is the most popular microscope body adapter size, suitable for stereo microscopes produced by most manufacturers.

Place the microscope body in a 76mm scope holder, tighten with screws to avoid shaking when the microscope is in use.
Because this stand scope holder is very common, some special-sized microscopes can also borrow and use this stand, but only need a specific adapter to connect the microscope body with a diameter of less than 76mm.
Illumination BaseClose Λ
Illumination base is a modular light source component, suitable for microscope stand base that has no light source of itself, and it is usually dedicated components supporting some stands.
Illumination base typically includes at least one bottom lighting, and there are also illumination base that includes the circuit portion of the upper light source.
Stand Throat DepthClose Λ
Stand throat depth, also known as the throat depth, is an important parameter when selecting a microscope stand. When observing a relatively large object, a relatively large space is required, and a large throat depth can accommodate the object to move to the microscope observation center.
Focusing Knob Tightness AdjustableClose Λ
Different microscope bodies, different human operations, and different requirements for observation and operation, all require adjustment of the pre-tightening force of the stand that support microscope body.
Facing the stand just right, use both hands to reverse the force to adjust the tightness. (face the knob of one side just right, clockwise is to tighten, counterclockwise is to loosen)
In general, after long-time use, the knob will be loose, and adjustment is necessary.
Microscope PlateClose Λ
According to different objects to be observed, the appropriate platen should be selected. The microscope plate materials include black and white, black and white finish; transparent glass, frosted glass, metal, etc.
Standard stands are generally configured with a suitable microscope plate, but different plates may need to be purchased separately.
Black and white microscope plate are made of general plastics, and the different backgrounds in black and white make the object more prominent.
Finish microscope plate eliminates reflections during observation.
Transparent glass plate is used when observing transparent or translucent objects, and the use of transmitted light source is to make the light penetrate the object to be observed as much as possible.
Finish glass plate, with its rough glass surface, can make the transmitted light more uniform and create a diffusing effect, avoiding exposure of the light shadow of the filament directly onto to the observed object.
Metal plate, relatively more solid, is more suitable when it is necessary to operate and cut.
Microscope plate is generally round shaped, on one side of the base there is a spring clip. When installing, align the plate with the clamp and push it in, and then press down the other end, so that the plate is smoothly embedded in to the circular card slot of the bottom plate.
When removing, grab the other end of the clip, push and lift up the plate.
PackagingClose Λ
After unpacking, carefully inspect the various random accessories and parts in the package to avoid omissions. In order to save space and ensure safety of components, some components will be placed outside the inner packaging box, so be careful of their inspection.
For special packaging, it is generally after opening the box, all packaging boxes, protective foam, plastic bags should be kept for a period of time. If there is a problem during the return period, you can return or exchange the original. After the return period (usually 10-30 days, according to the manufacturer’s Instruction of Terms of Service), these packaging boxes may be disposed of if there is no problem.

 


Optical Data

 


Microscope Optical Data Sheet
P/NObjectiveObjective Working DistanceEyepiece
PZ04013221   (10X  Dia. 24mm)SZ04023421   (15X  Dia. 16mm)SZ17013421   (15X  Dia. 16mm)SZ04023621   (20X  Dia. 12.5mm)SZ17013621   (20X  Dia. 12.5mm)
MagnificationField of View(mm)MagnificationField of View(mm)MagnificationField of View(mm)MagnificationField of View(mm)MagnificationField of View(mm)
PZ040142410.5X126mm4-32.5X7.38-60mm6-48.75X4.92-40mm6-48.75X4.92-40mm8-65X3.85-31.25mm8-65X3.85-31.25mm
PZ080143110.7X135mm5.6-45.5X5.27-42.86mm8.4-68.25X3.52-28.57mm8.4-68.25X3.52-28.57mm11.2-91X2.75-22.32mm11.2-91X2.75-22.32mm
PZ040144311X78mm8-65X3.69-30mm12-97.5X2.46-20mm12-97.5X2.46-20mm16-130X1.92-15.62mm16-130X1.92-15.62mm
PZ040146312X32.5mm16-130X1.85-15mm24-195X1.23-10mm24-195X1.23-10mm32-260X0.96-7.81mm32-260X0.96-7.81mm
1. Magnification=Objective Optical Magnification * Body Magnification * Eyepiece Optical Magnification
2. Field of View=Eyepiece Field of View /（Objective Optical Magnification*Body Magnification）
3. The Darker background items are Standard items, the white background items are optional items.



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