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2.0 Megapixels 8-50X CMOS Pneumatic Arm Trinocular Parallel Zoom Stereo Microscope PZ02070133

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PZ02070133
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5/1 Years
  • 2.0 Megapixels 8-50X CMOS Pneumatic Arm Trinocular Parallel Zoom Stereo Microscope PZ02070133
  • 2.0 Megapixels 8-50X CMOS Pneumatic Arm Trinocular Parallel Zoom Stereo Microscope PZ02070133
  • 2.0 Megapixels 8-50X CMOS Pneumatic Arm Trinocular Parallel Zoom Stereo Microscope PZ02070133
  • 2.0 Megapixels 8-50X CMOS Pneumatic Arm Trinocular Parallel Zoom Stereo Microscope PZ02070133


Quick Overview
Infinite. Total Magnification: 8-50X. 10X Adjustable Eyepiece. 1X Infinity Plan Achromatic Objective. Standard Coupler: 0.5X. Zoom Ratio: 1:6.3. Body Mounting Size for Stand: Dia. 76mm. Eye Tube Angle: 0-35°. Eyepiece Field of View: Dia. 24mm. Pneumatic Arm. Total Arm Length: 940mm. Top Illumination: Oblique Top Light. CMOS. 2.0 Megapixels. Windows XP/7/8/10/11. Screen Size: 11.6in. Input Voltage: DC 12V.

PZ02070133 Trinocular Parallel Zoom Stereo Microscope
Optical System Specifications
Optical SystemInfinite
System Optical Magnification8-50X
Expandable System Optical Magnification (Optional Parts Required)2.4-200X
Trinocular Optical Magnification0.4-2.5X
Total Magnification8-50X
Standard Eyepiece10X Adjustable Eyepiece
Standard Objective1X Infinity Plan Achromatic Objective
Standard Coupler0.5X
System Field of View Dia. 4.8-30mm
Expandable System Field of View Dia. 1.2-100mm
System Working Distance78mm
Expandable System Working Distance32.5-276mm
Stereo Binocular Head
0-35° Stereo Binocular Head
Eye Tube Optical SystemInfinite
Eye Tube TypeFor Stereo Microscope
Eye Tube Adjustment ModeSiedentopf
Eye Tube Angle0-35°
Erect/Inverted ImageErect image
Eye Tube Rotatable360° Degree Rotatable
Interpupillary Adjustment56-143mm
Eye Tube Inner Diameter Dia. 30mm
Eye Tube Fixing ModeElastic Tube locking
Eye Tube Size for Scope Body/Carrier Dia. 60mm
Surface TreatmentSpray Paint
MaterialMetal
ColorWhite
Net Weight1.38kg (3.04lbs)
Eyepiece
10X Adjustable Eyepiece (Pair Dia. 30/FN24)
Eyepiece TypeAdjustable Eyepiece
Eyepiece Optical Magnification10X
Plan EyepiecePlan Eyepiece
Eyepiece Size for Eye Tube Dia. 30mm
Eyepiece Field of View Dia. 24mm
Eyepoint TypeHigh Eyepoint Eyepiece
Eyepiece Size for Reticle Dia. 27mm
Eyepiece Diopter Correction±5°
Surface TreatmentElectroplating Black
MaterialMetal
ColorBlack
Net Weight0.14kg (0.30lbs)
Applied FieldFor PZ0401, PZ0801 Series Microscope
Stereo Objective
1X Infinity Plan Achromatic Objective
Objective Optical SystemInfinite
Objective Optical Magnification1X
Objective TypePlan Achromatic Objective
Objective Working Distance78mm
Numerical Aperture (N.A.)N.A. 0.08
Objective Screw ThreadM58x1.25mm
Objective Outer Diameter Dia. 60mm
Objective Height57mm
Surface TreatmentElectroplating Black
MaterialMetal
ColorBlack
Net Weight0.40kg (0.88lbs)
Applied FieldFor PZ0401 Series Microscope, Nikon SMZ 800/1000 Microscope
Parallel Zoom Body
0.8-5X Parallel Zoom Body
Body Optical SystemInfinite
Body Magnification0.8-5X
Zoom Range0.8-5X
Zoom Ratio1:6.3
Zoom Operating ModeWith Two Horizontal Knobs
Body Mounting Size for Stand Dia. 76mm
Body Mount Type for Eye TubeFastening Screw
Body Mounting Size for Eye Tube Dia. 67mm
Objective Screw ThreadM58x1.25mm
Surface TreatmentSpray Paint
MaterialMetal
ColorWhite
Net Weight0.88kg (1.94lbs)
Stereo Image Port
50/50 True-Trinocular Image Port
Image Port Switch Mode50/50 True-Trinocular
Surface TreatmentSpray Paint
MaterialMetal
ColorWhite
Net Weight0.71kg (1.57lbs)
Applied FieldFor PZ0401 Series Microscope, Nikon SMZ 800/1000 Microscope
Flexible Arm
76mm Surgical Pneumatic Arm
Stand TypePneumatic Arm
Holder Adapter Type Dia. 76mm Scope Holder
Horizontal Arm Length450mm
Total Arm Length940mm
Horizontal Rotation Angle360° Degree Rotatable
Horizontal Arm Maximum Load8.00kg (17.64lbs)
Horizontal Arm Travel Mode on Horizontal DirectionManual
Base TypeTable Mount
Base ShapeFan-Shape
Stand Throat Depth165mm
Base Dimensions125x105x160mm
Focus ModeManual
Focus Distance50mm
Coarse Focus Distance per Rotation22mm
Arbor Length195mm
Arbor Diameter Dia. 32mm
Arbor Rotation Range on Z Direction180°
Clamp Opening Size0-85mm
Safety Protection Against Falling ScrewWith Safety protection against falling Screw
Top IlluminationOblique Top Light
Top Illumination TypeLED
Input VoltageDC 12V
Surface TreatmentSpray Paint
MaterialMetal
ColorWhite
Net Weight8.40kg (18.52lbs)
Dimensions160x600x950mm (6.299x23.622x37.402 in. )
76mm Surgical Pneumatic Arm Floor Stand
Stand TypePneumatic Arm
Holder Adapter Type Dia. 76mm Scope Holder
Total Arm Length940mm
Horizontal Rotation Angle360° Degree Rotatable
Horizontal Arm Travel Mode on Horizontal DirectionManual
Horizontal Arm Travel Mode on Z DirectionManual
Base Dimensions Dia. 73x15cm
Focus ModeManual
Focus Distance50mm
Coarse Focus Distance per Rotation22mm
Arbor Length195mm
Arbor Diameter Dia. 32mm
Arbor Rotation Range on Z Direction180°
Arbor Adapter TypeTiltable
Safety Cover Thread Size of Arbor Dia. 28x1mm
Safety Protection Against Falling ScrewWith Safety protection against falling Screw
Top IlluminationOblique Top Light
Top Illumination TypeLED
Input VoltageDC 12V
Surface TreatmentSpray Paint
MaterialMetal
ColorWhite
Net Weight43.6kg (96.12lbs)
Clamps and Stands
Rolling Floor Stand for Surgical Microscope (5 Spokes)
Vertical Post Height810mm
Vertical Post Diameter Dia. 51.5mm
Base Type360° Rotating Base
Base ShapeFive-Star Base
Mount Adapter Size of Stand Dia. 46mm
Surface TreatmentSpray Paint
MaterialMetal
ColorWhite
Net Weight35.10kg (77.38lbs)
Pneumatic/Flexible Arm Adapter
Pneumatic Arm Adapter
Mounting Holes Position27x27mm
Mounting Hole DimensionsM4
Surface TreatmentSpray Paint
MaterialMetal
ColorWhite
Net Weight0.54kg (1.19lbs)
Applied FieldFor ST02072002 Pneumatic Arm
Coupler/C-mount Adapter
0.5X Video Coupler
Coupler Mount Type for Eye TubeFastening Screw
Coupler Mount Size for Eye Tube Dia. 23.2mm
Coupler for Microscope TypeStereo, Compound Compatible
Coupler Magnification0.5X
For Camera Sensor SizeUnder 2/3 in.
C/CS-Mount CouplerC-Mount
Surface TreatmentElectroplating Black
MaterialMetal
ColorBlack
Net Weight0.12kg (0.26lbs)
Applied FieldFor 23.2/30/30.5mm Eye Tube
Camera Conversion Adapter
0.5X Video Coupler
Conversion Adapter Size Dia. 23.2/30mm, Dia. 23.2/30.5mm
Coupler Adapter
Conversion Adapter Size Dia. 23.2/30mm
Surface TreatmentElectroplating Black
MaterialMetal
ColorBlack
Net Weight0.18kg (0.40lbs)
Applied FieldFor PZ0401 Series Microscope
LCD Display Digital Camera
11.6 in. LCD Display Digital Camera
Image SensorCMOS
Image Sensor Size1/2.86 in.
Image Sensor Diagonal size6.592mm (0.260 in. )
Camera Maximum Pixels2.0 Megapixels
Camera Resolution1920x1080
Camera Lens MountCS-Mount
Transmission Frame Rate36fps
White BalanceManual/Auto
Gain ControlAdjustable
Exposure ControlManual/Auto
Camera CrosshairsCross Line
Number of Crosshairs4 Movable Crosshairs
Line ColorUser Defined
Capture FunctionYes
Image Capture Output FormatTIFF/JPG/BMP/PNG
Video Output FormatMP4
System RequirementWindows XP/7/8/10/11
Driver InstallationDriver free
Camera Housing MaterialPlastic
Camera Housing Size40x40x58mm
Camera Housing ColorBlack
Max. Supported Memory Card32G
Screen Size11.6in
Screen Aspect Ratio16:9
Monitor Signal FormatNTSC/PAL Auto-Switch
Monitor Max. Resolution1920x1080
Input VoltageDC 12V
Net Weight0.65kg (1.43lbs)
Dimensions280x200x55mm (11.024x7.874x2.165 in. )
Camera Accessories
11.6 in. LCD Display Digital Camera
C/CS Spacer5mm
Mouse OperationYes
Memory TypeSD
Memory Capacity4G
Other Parameters
Surface TreatmentPlastic Spray Coating
MaterialMetal
ColorWhite
Net Weight47.80kg (105.38lbs)
Dimensions160x600x950mm (6.299x23.622x37.402 in. )
Series
PZ0401PZ02070133

 


Contains  
Parts Including
PictureP/NProduct Name
ST0207200276mm Surgical Pneumatic Arm Floor Stand
DC4351111111.6″ LCD Display Digital Camera
PZ040111010.8-5X Parallel Zoom Body
PZ040125210-35° Stereo Binocular Head
PZ0401322110X Adjustable Eyepiece (Pair Φ30/FN24)
PZ040144311X Infinity Plan Achromatic Objective
PZ0401512150/50 True-Trinocular Image Port
CP290313010.5X Video Coupler

Technical Info

Instructions
Stereo MicroscopeClose Λ
Stereo microscopes are also known as the anatomical microscopes, or dissecting microscopes. Many people would refer to stereo microscope as Stereo, and the Continuous Zoom Microscope as Zoom.
Stereo microscopes are a kind of binocular microscope that observes an object with both eyes from different angles, thereby causing a stereoscopic effect.
The stereo microscope adopts two independent optical paths, and the left and right beams in the binocular tube have a certain angle, generally 12°~15°. The objects are observed from different angles of the two optical paths, causing a three-dimensional effect on the eyes, and therefore a stereo microscope is a true 3D microscope.

Compared with other compound microscopes, stereo microscopes belong to the low power optical microscope. The field of view of stereo microscopes has a large diameter, its magnification is generally below 200X for optical magnification. When the magnification is greater than 40X, the stereoscopic effect of the image will be relatively poor.
Therefore, the advantage of the stereo microscope is not that its magnification is large, but that its working distance is long and the depth of field is large, which is particularly suitable for observing objects with a high degree of three-dimensional features.
For compound microscope with a single optical path, what we see is only a flat image. Although most compound microscopes have two eyepieces, what we actually see is one and the same image, and this is just to facilitate the observation habits of our two eyes. The stereo microscope has two optical paths (two objective lenses or one common objective lens), and only the three-dimensional sense produced under observation of the two optical paths can make people judge the three-dimensional spatial position of the observed object, which can generate a sense of distance under the microscope. Therefore, only stereo microscope can be used for operation under the microscope which is very suitable for surgery, dissection, industrial welding, assembly, precision instrument repair and so on.

The stereo microscope can be equipped with a wide range of accessories. It can be combined with various digital cameras and photographic interfaces, microscope cameras, eyepiece cameras and image analysis software to form a digital imaging system. It can be connected to a computer for analysis and processing, and its lighting system also has different options for illumination, such as reflected light, transmitted light, etc.
Stereoscopic microscopes are widely used in various fields, such as biology, medicine, agriculture, forestry, marine life, and other various departments. They are especially used in industry, for macroscopic surface observation, analysis, and microscopic operations.

Stereoscopic microscopes were invented by American instrument engineer Horatio S. Greenough in the 1890s, manufactured by Carl Zeiss Company of Germany, and are widely used in scientific research, archaeological exploration, industrial quality control, biopharmaceuticals, and more.


Stereo Microscope Quick Operation Steps
Step 1
In the working position, place the microscope on the workbench after installation.
Connect the power source, and turn on the light source.
Place an observation sample (also known as specimen) such as a coin etc. under the microscope or on the base.
Adjust the focus knob of the stand by visually measuring the height, or based on the working distance parameters of the objective lens used.

Step 2
Adjust the zoom knob of the microscope to the lowest magnification. Find the approximate image by adjusting the focus knob. Find a certain feature point of the sample in approximately the center position.
Align the feature point of the specimen and gradually adjust to a large magnification.
Adjust the lift set of the microscope to find the focal plane of the highest magnification. During the adjustment process, use a sample with obvious feature points (such as a coin) to compare the sharpness of the image.
Turn the zoom knob again to the lowest magnification. It is possible that the image may be out of focus. At this time, do not adjust the focusing knob. Simply adjust the diopters on the two eyepieces to accommodate differences in eye observations (diopter varies from person to person).
Adjust the viewing distance of the eyepiece to achieve a comfortable position.
At this point, the microscope is already parfocal, i.e., when the microscope is changed from high power to low power, the entire image is in the focal plane. To observe the same sample, it is not necessary to adjust other parts of the microscope. Only the zoom knob is needed to zoom in on the specimen for observation.

Step 3
Adjust the light source, including the brightness and angle of incidence to get the best image or see additional details.

Step 4
Adjust any other necessary equipment such as the photographic eyepieces, cameras, etc., to show the image on the display or to find the sharpest image.

When using binocular observation and the left and right images or sharpness is not the same, first adjust the diopter adjustment on the eyepiece. This adjusts the parallax of the two eyes, so that the image of the two eyes are consistent. It is normal to feel viewing fatigue when using a microscope for a long time. Take a break before working again to adapt your eyes to using the microscope. If the microscope is used for too long, or if there is a problem inside the microscope due to large temperature difference, vibration, etc., please contact your dealer or our service staff on the BoliOptics website.
InfiniteClose Λ
Microscopes and components have two types of optical path design structures.
One type is finite optical structural design, in which light passing through the objective lens is directed at the intermediate image plane (located in the front focal plane of the eyepiece) and converges at that point. The finite structure is an integrated design, with a compact structure, and it is a kind of economical microscope.
Another type is infinite optical structural design, in which the light between the tube lens after passing the objective lens becomes "parallel light". Within this distance, various kinds of optical components necessary such as beam splitters or optical filters call be added, and at the same time, this kind of design has better imaging results. As the design is modular, it is also called modular microscope. The modular structure facilitates the addition of different imaging and lighting accessories in the middle of the system as required.
The main components of infinite and finite, especially objective lens, are usually not interchangeable for use, and even if they can be imaged, the image quality will also have some defects.

The separative two-objective lens structure of the dual-light path of stereo microscope (SZ/FS microscope) is also known as Greenough.
Parallel optical microscope uses a parallel structure (PZ microscope), which is different from the separative two-object lens structure, and because its objective lens is one and the same, it is therefore also known as the CMO common main objective.
System Optical MagnificationClose Λ
The magnification of the objective lens refers to the lateral magnification, it is the ratio of the image to the real size after the original image is magnified by the instrument. This multiple refers to the length or width of the magnified object.
System optical magnification is the product of the eyepiece and the objective lens (objective lens zoom set) of the optical imaging part within the system.
Optical magnification = eyepiece multiple X objective lens/objective lens set

The maximum optical magnification of the microscope depends on the wavelength of the light to which the object is illuminated. The size of the object that can be observed must be greater than the wavelength of the light. Otherwise, the light cannot be reflected or transmitted, or recognized by the human eye. The shortest wavelength of ultraviolet light is 0.2 microns, so the resolution of the optical microscope in the visible range does not exceed 0.2 microns, or 200 nanometers. This size is converted to the magnification of the microscope, and it is the optical magnification of 2000X. Usually, the compound microscope can achieve 100X objective lens, the eyepiece is 20X, and the magnification can reach 2000X. If it is bigger, it will be called "invalid magnification", that is, the image is large, but the resolution is no longer increased, and no more details and information can be seen.
Trinocular Optical MagnificationClose Λ
When the instrument is conducting electronic image magnification and observation through a camera or the like, the optically magnified portion may not be the optical path that passes through the "eyepiece-objective lens" of the instrument, at this time, the calculation method of the magnification is related to the third-party photo eyepiece passed.
The trinocular optical magnification is equal to the multiplier product of objective lens (objective lens set) and the photo eyepiece

Trinocular optical magnification = objective lens X photo eyepiece
Total MagnificationClose Λ
Total magnification is the magnification of the observed object finally obtained by the instrument. This magnification is often the product of the optical magnification and the electronic magnification.
When it is only optically magnified, the total magnification will be the optical magnification.

Total magnification = optical magnification X electronic magnification
Total magnification = (objective X photo eyepiece) X (display size / camera sensor target )
System Field of ViewClose Λ
Field of View, is also called FOV.
The field of view, or FOV, refers to the size of the object plane (i.e., the plane of the point of the observed object perpendicular to the optical axis), or of its conjugate plane (i.e., object to primary image distance), represented by a line value.
System field of view is the size of the actual diameter of the image of the terminal display device of the instrument, such as the size of the image in the eyepiece or in the display.

Field of view number refers to the diameter of the field diaphragm of the objective lens, or the diameter of the image plane formed by the field diaphragm.
Field of view number of objective lens = field of view number of eyepiece / (objective magnification / mechanical tube length)

Large field of view makes it easy to observe the full view and more range of the observed object, but the field of view (FOV) is inversely proportional to the magnification and inversely proportional to the resolution, that is, the larger the field of view, the smaller the magnification, and also the lower the resolution of the object to be observed.
There are usually two ways to increase the field of view, one is to replace with an objective lens of a smaller multiple, or to replace with an eyepiece of a smaller multiple.
System Working DistanceClose Λ
Working distance, also referred to as WD, is usually the vertical distance from the foremost surface end of the objective lens of the microscope to the surface of the observed object.
When the working distance or WD is large, the space between the objective lens and the object to be observed is also large, which can facilitate operation and the use of corresponding lighting conditions.
In general, system working distance is the working distance of the objective lens. When some other equipment, such as a light source etc., is used below the objective lens, the working distance (i.e., space) will become smaller.

Working distance or WD is related to the design of the working distance of the objective lens. Generally speaking, the bigger the magnification of the objective lens, the smaller the working distance. Conversely, the smaller the magnification of the objective lens, the greater the working distance.
When it is necessary to change the working distance requirement, it can be realized by changing the magnification of the objective lens.
SiedentopfClose Λ
For siedentopf eyetube, when changing the interpupillary distance, it requires two hands pushing or pulling the two eyetubes left and right simultaneously, and the two eyepiece tubes or eyetubes will change their position at the same time.
Eye Tube AngleClose Λ
Usually the Microscope Eyetube is 45°, some is 30°, Tiltable Eyetube Angle design of a microscope is also known as the ergonomics microscope.
0-30° or 0-45° is an ergonomic design. When the mechanical tube length / focal length of the tube of the microscope is relatively big, the microscope is relatively high, and the user's height or the seat of the work desk is not suitable, long-term use of microscope may cause sitting discomfort.
Eyepiece tube with variable angle can freely adjust the angle without lowering the head. Especially when it is close to 0 degree and the human eye is close to horizontal viewing, long-time or long-term use can avoid fatigue damage to the cervical vertebra.
Erect/Inverted ImageClose Λ
After imaging through a set of objective lenses, the object observed and the image seen by the human eye is inverted. When the observed object is manipulated, move the specimen or object, the image will move in the opposite direction in the field of view. Most of the biological microscopes are reversed-phase designs.
When needing to operate works with accurate direction, it is necessary to design it into a forward microscope. Generally stereo microscopes and metallurgical microscopes are all of erect image design.
When observing through the camera and display, the erect and inverted image can be changed by the orientation of the camera.
360° Degree RotatableClose Λ
The eyepiece of the microscope can have different viewing or observing directions. When the position of the microscope is uncomfortable, the direction of the eyepiece tube of the microscope can be adjusted, to facilitate observation and operation.

Placement method of different viewing angles of the microscope:
General direction: the support column is behind the object to be observed
Reverse direction: the support column is in front of the object to be observed
Lateral direction: the support column is on the side of the object to be observed
Rotating eyepiece tube, different microscopes may have different methods, for some, the direction is confirmed when installing the eyepiece tube of the microscope, for some, by rotating the body of the microscope, and for some, by rotating the support member on the support or holder of the microscope.
Interpupillary AdjustmentClose Λ
The distance between the two pupils of the human eye is different. When the image of exit pupil of the two eyepieces of the microscope are not aligned with the entry pupil of the eye, the two eyes will see different images, which can cause discomfort.
Adjust the distance between the two eyepieces, to accommodate or adapt to the pupil distance of the observer's eyes. The adjustment range is generally between 55-75mm.
Adjustable EyepieceClose Λ
The adjustable eyepiece is between the lens of the eyepiece and the focal plane, with distance adjustable device.
For most people, their two eyes, the left and the right, have different vision. For adjustable eyepieces, the eyepoint height of the eyepiece can be adjusted to compensate for the difference in vision between the two eyes, making the image in the two eyes clear and consistent.
The range of adjustment of the general eyepiece is that the diopter is plus or minus 5 degrees, and the maximum difference between the two eyepieces can reach 10 degrees. Before use, it is generally necessary to adjust both eyepieces to the initial position where the scale is displayed as 0, which is used as a baseline to facilitate up and down adjustment.
The reticle position of the eyepiece is generally 10mm below the fixed position of the eyepiece tube. Because the vision of each person is different, some people may not be able to see the reticle clearly. For adjustable eyepiece, the height of the reticle position can be adjusted to make the reticle and the observed object clear at the same time, this is the advantage of adjustable eyepiece that mounts the diopter adjustment on the eyepiece tube compared with non-adjustable eyepiece.
When non-adjustable eyepiece is equipped with a reticle, if the diopter is adjusted, the reticle will rotate accordingly, thereby affecting the position of the measurement. For adjustable eyepiece, when its diopter is adjusted, its reticle does not rotate.

Eyepiece Optical MagnificationClose Λ
Eyepiece optical magnification is the visual magnification of the virtual image after initial imaging through the eyepiece. When the human eye observes through the eyepiece, the ratio of the tangent of the angle of view of the image and the tangent of the angle of view of the human eye when viewing or observing the object directly at the reference viewing distance is usually calculated according to 250 mm/focal length of eyepiece.
The standard configuration of a general microscope is a 10X eyepiece.
Usually, the magnification of the eyepiece of compound microscope is 5X, 8X, 10X, 12.5X, 16X, 20X.
As stereo microscope has a low total magnification, its eyepiece magnification generally does not use 5X, but can achieve 25X, 30X and other much bigger magnification.
Eyepiece Field of ViewClose Λ
The eyepiece field of view is the diameter of the field diaphragm of the eyepiece, or the diameter of the image plane of the field diaphragm imaged by the field diaphragm.
The diameter of a large field of view can increase the viewing range, and see more detail in the field of view. However, if the field of view is too large, the spherical aberration and distortion around the eyepiece will increase, and the stray light around the field of view will affect the imaging effect.
Eyepoint TypeClose Λ
Eye point refers to the axial distance between the upper end of the metal frame of the eyepiece and the exit of pupil.
The exit of pupil distance of high eyepoint eyepiece is farther than that of the eye lens of the ordinary eyepiece. When this distance is greater than or equal to 18mm, it is a high eyepoint eyepiece. When observing, one does not need to be too close to the eyepiece lens, making it comfort to observe, and it can also be viewed with glasses. Generally, there is a glasses logo on the eyepiece, indicating that it is a high eyepoint eyepiece.
Objective Optical MagnificationClose Λ
The finite objective is the lateral magnification of the primary image formed by the objective at a prescribed distance.

Infinite objective is the lateral magnification of the real image produced by the combination of the objective and the tube lens.
Infinite objective magnification = tube lens focal length (mm) / objective focal length (mm)

Lateral magnification of the image, that is, the ratio of the size of the image to the size of the object.
The larger the magnification of the objective, the higher the resolution, the smaller the corresponding field of view, and the shorter the working distance.
Objective TypeClose Λ
In the case of polychromatic light imaging, the aberration caused by the light of different wavelengths becomes chromatic aberration. Achromatic aberration is to correct the axial chromatic aberration to the two line spectra (C line, F line); apochromatic aberration is to correct the three line spectra (C line, D line, F line).
The objective is designed according to the achromaticity and the flatness of the field of view. It can be divided into the following categories.

Achromatic objective: achromatic objective has corrected the chromatic aberration, spherical aberration, and comatic aberration. The chromatic portion of the achromatic objective has corrected only red and green, so when using achromatic objective, yellow-green filters are often used to reduce aberrations. The aberration of the achromatic objective in the center of the field of view is basically corrected, and as its structure is simple, the cost is low, it is commonly used in a microscope.

Semi-plan achromatic objective: in addition to meeting the requirements of achromatic objective, the curvature of field and astigmatism of the objective should also be properly corrected.
Plan achromatic objective: in addition to meeting the requirements of achromatic objectives, the curvature of field and astigmatism of the objective should also be well corrected. The plan objective provides a very good correction of the image plane curvature in the field of view of the objective, making the entire field of view smooth and easy to observe, especially in measurement it has achieved a more accurate effect.

Plan semi-apochromatic objective: in addition to meeting the requirements of plan achromatic objective, it is necessary to well correct the secondary spectrum of the objective (the axial chromatic aberration of the C line and the F line).
Plan apochromatic objective: in addition to meeting the requirements of plan achromatic objective, it is necessary to very well correct the tertiary spectrum of the objective (the axial chromatic aberration of the C line, the D line and the F line) and spherochromatic aberration. The apochromatic aberration has corrected the chromatic aberration in the range of red, green and purple (basically the entire visible light), and there is basically no limitation on the imaging effect of the light source. Generally, the apochromatic aberration is used in a high magnification objective.

Objective Working DistanceClose Λ
The objective working distance is the vertical distance from the foremost surface end of the objective of the microscope to the object surface to be observed.
Generally, the greater the magnification, the higher the resolution of the objective, and the smaller the working distance, the smaller the field of view. Conversely, the smaller the magnification, the lower the resolution of the objective, and the greater the working distance, and greater the field of view.
High-magnification objectives (such as 80X and 100X objectives) have a very short working distance. Be very careful when focusing for observation. Generally, it is after the objective is in position, the axial limit protection is locked, then the objective is moved away from the direction of the observed object.
The relatively greater working distance leaves a relatively large space between the objective and the object to be observed. It is suitable for under microscope operation, and it is also easier to use more illumination methods. The defect is that it may reduce the numerical aperture of the objective, thereby reducing the resolution.
Numerical Aperture (N.A.)Close Λ
Numerical aperture, N.A. for short, is the product of the sinusoidal function value of the opening or solid angle of the beam reflected or refracted from the object into the mouth of the objective and the refractive index of the medium between the front lens of the objective and the object.
Simply speaking, it is the magnitude of the luminous flux that can be brought in to the mouth of the objective adapter, the closer the objective to the specimen for observation, the greater the solid angle of the beam entering the mouth of the objective adapter, the greater the N.A. value, and the higher the resolution of the objective.
When the mouth of the objective adapter is unchanged and the working distance between the objective and the specimen is constant, the refractive index of the medium will be of certain meaning. For example, the refractive index of air is 1, water is 1.33, and cedar oil is 1.515, therefore, when using an aqueous medium or cedar oil, a greater N.A. value can be obtained, thereby improving the resolution of the objective.

Formula is：
N.A. = refractive index of the medium X sin solid angle of the beam of the object entering the front lens frame of the objective/ 2

Numerical aperture of the objective. Usually, there is a calculation method for the magnification of the microscope. That is, the magnification of the microscope cannot exceed 1000X of the objective. For example, the numerical aperture of a 100X objective is 1.25, when using a 10X eyepiece, the total magnification is 1000X, far below 1.25 X 1000 = 1250X, then the image seen in the eyepiece is relatively clear; if a 20X eyepiece is used, the total magnification will reach 2000X, much higher than 1250X, then eventhoughthe image actually seen by the 20X eyepiece is relatively large, the effect will be relatively poor.
Objective Screw ThreadClose Λ
For microscopes of different manufacturers and different models, the thread size of their objectives may also be different.
In general, the objective threads are available in two standard sizes, allowing similar objectives between different manufacturers to be used interchangeably.
One is the British system: RMS type objective thread: 4/5in X 1/36in,
One is metric: M25 X 0.75mm thread.
Zoom RangeClose Λ
Zoom in zoom microscope means to obtain different magnifications by changing the focal length of the objective lens within a certain range through adjustment of some lens or lens set while not changing the position of the object plane (that is, the plane of the point of the observed object perpendicular to the optical axis) and the image plane (that is, the plane of the image imaging focus and perpendicular to the optical axis) of the microscope.
Zoom range refers to the range in which the magnification is from low to high. In the zoom range of the microscope, there is no need to adjust the microscope knob for focusing, and ensure that the image is always clear during the entire zoom process.
The larger the zoom range, the stronger the adaptability of the range for microscope observation, but the image effects at both ends of the low and high magnification should be taken into consideration, the larger the zoom range, the more difficult to design and manufacture, and the higher the cost will be.
Zoom RatioClose Λ
Zoom ratio is the ratio of the maximum magnification / the minimum magnification. Expressed as 1: (ratio of maximum magnification / minimum magnification). If the maximum magnification is 4.5X, the minimum magnification is 0.7X, then the zoom ratio = 4.5 / 0.7 = 6.4, the zoom ratio will be 1:6.4.
Zoom ratio is obtained by the intermediate magnification group of the microscope. When the magnification is increased or decreased by using other objective lenses, the zoom ratio does not change accordingly.
With Two Horizontal KnobsClose Λ
When microscope body changes the magnification, it is realized by adjusting the horizontally placed zoom knob. Because the knob is relatively small, it is therefore easier to zoom and the image is stable.
For most of the dual stereo microscopes, magnification is realized by adjusting the zoom drum or nosepiece below. When the nosepiece is relatively big, frequent operation is more laborious. Magnifying while observing, the microscope may shake, thereby causing eye discomfort for observation.
Using zoom drum or nosepiece type microscope, if there is a ring light under the microscope, the ring light carries the wire, and when magnification conversion is often required, the ring light and the wire will swing along with the magnification, which makes the operation inconvenient. This situation will not occur to zoom with two horizontal knobs.
Image Port Switch ModeClose Λ
The third eyepiece splitting in the trinocular microscope is to borrow one of the two sets of eyepiece optical paths as the photographic light path. The beam split prism or beam splitter can reflect part of the image light to the eyepiece, and part passes through to the third eyepiece photographic light path, such a trinocular microscope is called trinocular simultaneous imaging microscope, or true-trinocular.
The beam split prism or beam splitter of the trinocular simultaneous imaging microscope or true-trinocular often has different splitting modes, such as 20/80 and 50/50, etc. Usually, the former is the luminous flux ratio of the eyepiece optical path, and the latter is the luminous flux ratio of the photographic optical path.

The advantage of true-trinocular is that, the real three optical paths can be imaged at the same time, and are not affected by the simultaneous use of the eyepiece observation and the photographic optical path (display). The disadvantage is that, because of the reason of the splitting, the image light of the photography is only a part. In theory, the image effect will be affected, and the effect is more obvious in the binocular eyepiece observation. If viewed closely, one will find that the eyepiece of the light path is relatively dark. However, in the current optical design and materials, the impact on the actual work is not very big, especially in the observation of low magnification objective lens, it has basically no effect at all, and therefore used by many people.
Flexible ArmClose Λ
Flexible arm is an arm or stand that imitates the human arm. It is a combination of several mechanical arm joints to complete the horizontal and vertical movement and freely adjust the focus position of the microscope. Flexible arm allows the microscope to move flexibly and freely over a wide range, and is also suitable for viewing larger objects.
The fixing method of the arm is usually optional, with strong interchangeability. Below the observation of the microscope there is an empty workbench, which can be used to place various kinds of platforms, work operating tables, tools, etc., and can be freely combined into different working positions.
In industrial places, most of the working positions are fixed. Sometimes, a lot of tools, equipment and instruments need to be placed in one working position. Because the microscope is relatively large in size and takes up also a relatively bigger space, and not convenient to move back and forth, therefore the flexible arm can be placed in a flexible position, and does not occupy the most commonly used workbench. When in use, the microscope can be moved over, and pushed to the side when not in use. This is very suitable for use in electronics factories, installation and maintenance, medical and animal anatomy, archaeology and other industries.
Flexible arm generally does not have a fixed focusing device, and you can choose a variety of flexible accessories.
When adjusting the height of the flexible arm, you need to use both hands at the same time, with one hand holding the microscope or the forearm of the stand, and the other adjusting the adjusting screw or spring mechanism that looses/tightens the arm. When releasing, pay attention to avoiding sudden sliding down.

Because one needs to ensure the flexibility of the arm or stand, there are many locking buttons in all directions. After the necessary locking buttons are adjusted, it must be ensured that each knob is in locked state to avoid sliding, tilting, and flipping of the microscope, thereby damaging the microscope and the items on the workbench.

Flexible arm has a mechanism of the hydraulic spring for adjusting the pre-tightening tension. When different microscopes weigh differently, these flexible arms can be adjusted to make the microscope more stable.
Dia. 76mm Scope HolderClose Λ
The 76mm stand scope holder is the most popular microscope body adapter size, suitable for stereo microscopes produced by most manufacturers.

Place the microscope body in a 76mm scope holder, tighten with screws to avoid shaking when the microscope is in use.
Because this stand scope holder is very common, some special-sized microscopes can also borrow and use this stand, but only need a specific adapter to connect the microscope body with a diameter of less than 76mm.
Stand Throat DepthClose Λ
Stand throat depth, also known as the throat depth, is an important parameter when selecting a microscope stand. When observing a relatively large object, a relatively large space is required, and a large throat depth can accommodate the object to move to the microscope observation center.
Clamps and StandsClose Λ
Base clamp is the clamp of the microscope stand that is clamped on the side of the desktop.
Pay attention to confirm in advance whether the material and thickness of the tabletop can withstand the weight of the microscope stand and the body.
Pneumatic/Flexible Arm AdapterClose Λ
Light emitting diode is a type of semiconductor diode that can convert electrical energy into light energy.
Advantages: low operating current, low operating voltage, working voltage between 3-24V DC, so it is a safer power supply than high voltage power supply, especially suitable for weak electrical equipment.

Its electro-optical conversion efficiency is high (close to 60%), and its low power consumption, low heat, and energy consumption are reduced by about 80% compared with incandescent lamps with the same light efficiency, and about 40% less than the energy-saving lamp.
It is a kind of cold light with low temperature. As an illumination that is close to the observed object, especially the bottom, it may not interfere with and damage the observed object and the temperature environment.
LEDs are easy to dim, and its beam is concentrated. LED has two control modes, namely, constant current mode, and constant voltage mode. Most LEDs adopt constant current control, which can keep the LED current stable and extend the service life of LED lamps.
LED is also easy to select the color temperature of light, suitable for observing different objects. The energy band structure and the forbidden band width of the material can be adjusted by chemical modification methods to realize multi-color luminescence of red, yellow, green, blue and orange and, from red to blue, the color can cover the entire visible spectrum.
LED has long service life. LED's service life can reach 100,000 hours under the right current and voltage, and repeated switching on and off will not damage its service life.
LED has high brightness, even and stable illumination, fast response speed, start-up has no delay, and its response time is of the nanosecond level.
Given its small size, flexible structural position and combined application, each unit LED small piece is a 3-5mm square, so it can be made into various shapes of devices. It is safe, durable, shock and seismic resistance, with high reliability.
Energy-saving, environmentally friendly, LED is composed of non-toxic materials, unlike mercury lamps which contain mercury that can cause pollution, and LEDs can also be recycled.

In contrast, various kinds of traditional lighting has certain drawbacks:
Incandescent lamp: low electro-optical light conversion efficiency (about 10%), short service life (about 1000 hours), high heat generation temperature, single color and low color temperature.
Fluorescent lamp: electro-optical conversion efficiency is not high (about 30%), harmful to the environment (including harmful elements such as mercury, about 3.5-5mg / only), non-adjustable brightness (low voltage can not start to illuminate), has ultraviolet radiation, flicker phenomenon, start-up slower, and repeated switching on and off can affect service life, with also relatively bigger size.
High-pressure gas discharge lamp (mercury lamp): high power consumption, unsafe use, short service life, and many heat dissipation problems.

LED shortcomings: high initial cost, poor color rendering, discontinuous spectrum, not suitable for some special lighting industry applications, high power LED low efficiency, long-term use can gradually become darkened, and there is brightness and light decay phenomenon.
Coupler/C-mount AdapterClose Λ
Coupler/C-mount adapter is an adapter commonly used for connection between the C-adapter camera (industrial camera) and a microscope.
Coupler for Microscope TypeClose Λ
Different coupler/C-mount-adapters are suitable for different microscopes. For some, some adapter accessories need to be replaced. See the applicable range of each coupler/C-mount-adapter for details.
Coupler MagnificationClose Λ
Coupler magnification refers to the line field magnification of the coupler/C-mount-adapter. With different magnifications of the adapter lens, images of different magnifications and fields of view can be obtained. The size of the image field of view is related to the sensor size and the coupler/C-mount-adapter magnification.

Camera image field of view (mm) = sensor diagonal / coupler/C-mount-adapter magnification.

For example: 1/2 inch sensor size, 0.5X coupler/C-mount-adapter coupler, field of view FOV (mm) = 8mm / 0.5 = 16mm.
The field of view number of the microscope 10X eyepiece is usually designed to be 18, 20, 22, 23mm, less than 1 inch (25.4mm). Since most commonly used camera sensor sizes are 1/3 and 1/2 inches, this makes the image field of view on the display always smaller than the field of view of the eyepiece for observation, and the visual perception becomes inconsistent when simultaneously viewed on both the eyepiece and the display. If it is changed to a 0.5X coupler/C-mount-adapter, the microscope image magnification is reduced by 1/2 and the field of view is doubled, then the image captured by the camera will be close to the range observed in the eyepiece.
Some adapters are designed without a lens, and their optical magnification is considered 1X.
For Camera Sensor SizeClose Λ
For the size of the lens field of view of the coupler/C-mount-adapter, in the design process, the size of the camera sensor imaging target should be considered. When the field of view of the lens is smaller than the target plane of the camera, “black border” and “dark corner” will appear.
The general microscope coupler/C-mount adapters are generally designed for the 1/2" camera targets. When a camera of 2/3 or larger target is used, the “dark corner” phenomenon will appear in the field of view. Especially, at present, DSLR cameras generally use large target plane design (1 inch full field of view), when used for microscopic photographing, the general DSLR camera coupler/C-mount adapter will have “black border”.
Generally, the “dark corner” that appears on the field of view is often that the center of the microscope and the camera are not aligned. Adjust the position of the screw on the camera adapter, or turn the camera adapter to adjust or change the effect.
C/CS-Mount CouplerClose Λ
At present, the coupler/C-mount adapter generally adopts the C/CS-Mount adapter to match with the industrial camera. For details, please refer to "Camera Lens Mount".
Camera Conversion AdapterClose Λ
For the model of microscopes of some manufacturers, when installing the camera and industrial camera, a convertible adapter is required to be installed on the trinocular head of the microscope.
LCD Display Digital CameraClose Λ
LCD display digital camera is a combination of a digital camera and a display.
CMOSClose Λ
CMOS, or complementary metal oxide semiconductor.
Both CMOS and CCD sensors have their own respective advantages and disadvantages. As a kind of photoelectric conversion sensor, among the current cameras, CMOS is relatively more widely used.
Zoom in
Image Sensor SizeClose Λ
The size of the CCD and CMOS image sensors is the size of the photosensitive device. The larger the area of the photosensitive device, the larger the CCD/CMOS area; the more photons are captured, the better the photographic performance; the higher the signal-to-noise ratio, the larger the photosensitive area, and the better the imaging effect.
The size of the image sensor needs to match the size of the microscope's photographic eyepiece; otherwise, black borders or dark corners will appear within the field of view of observation.
Camera Maximum PixelsClose Λ
The pixel is determined by the number of photosensitive elements on the photoelectric sensor of the camera, and one photosensitive element corresponds to one pixel. Therefore, the more photosensitive elements, the larger the number of pixels; the better the imaging quality of the camera, and the higher the corresponding cost.
The pixel unit is one, for example, 1.3 million pixels means 1.3 million pixels points, expressed as 1.3MP (Megapixels).
Camera ResolutionClose Λ
Resolution of the camera refers to the number of pixels accommodated within unit area of the image sensor of the camera. Image resolution is not represented by area, but by the number of pixels accommodated within the unit length of the rectangular side. The unit of length is generally represented by inch.
Zoom in
Camera Lens MountClose Λ
Industrial camera adapters are usually available in three types:
1. C-Mount: 1" diameter with 32 threads per inch, flange back intercept 17.5mm.
2. CS-Mount: 1" diameter with 32 threads per inch, flange back intercept 12.5mm.
CS-Mount can be converted to a C-Mount through a 5mm spacer, C-mount industrial camera cannot use the CS-mount lens.
3. F-Mount: F-mount is the adapter standard of Nikon lens, also known as Nikon mouth, usually used on large-sized sensor cameras, the flange back intercept is 46.5mm.
Transmission Frame RateClose Λ
Frame rate is the number of output of frames per second, FPS or Hertz  for short. The number of frames per second (fps) or frame rate represents the number of times the graphics process is updated per second.

Due to the physiological structure of the human eye, when the frame rate of the picture is higher than 16fps, it is considered to be coherent, and high frame rate can make the image frame more smooth and realistic. Some industrial inspection camera applications also require a much higher frame rate to meet certain specific needs.
The higher the resolution of the camera, the lower the frame rate. Therefore, this should be taken into consideration during their selection. When needing to take static or still images, you often need a large resolution. When needing to operate under the microscope, or shooting dynamic images, frame rate should be first considered. In order to solve this problem, the general industrial camera design is to display the maximum frame rate and relatively smaller resolution when viewing; when shooting, the maximum resolution should be used; and some cameras need to set in advance different shooting resolutions when taking pictures, so as to achieve the best results.
White BalanceClose Λ
White balance is an indicator that describes the precision of white color generated in the image when the three primary colors of red, green and blue are mixed, which accurately reflects the color condition of the subject. There are manual white balance and automatic white balance.
White balance of the camera is to "restore white objects to white color under any light source." The chromatic aberration phenomenon occurred under different light sources is compensated by enhancing the corresponding complementary color. Automatic white balance can generally be used, but under certain conditions if the hue is not ideal, options of other white balance may be selected.
Camera CrosshairsClose Λ
Camera crosshairs refers to the preset reference line within the camera, which is used to calibrate various positions on the display. The most commonly used is the crosshair, which is to determine the center position of the camera image, and it is very important in measurement. Some cameras also have multiple crosshairs that can be moved to quickly detect and calibrate the size of the object being viewed. Some crosshairs can also change color to adapt to different viewing backgrounds.
PackagingClose Λ
After unpacking, carefully inspect the various random accessories and parts in the package to avoid omissions. In order to save space and ensure safety of components, some components will be placed outside the inner packaging box, so be careful of their inspection.
For special packaging, it is generally after opening the box, all packaging boxes, protective foam, plastic bags should be kept for a period of time. If there is a problem during the return period, you can return or exchange the original. After the return period (usually 10-30 days, according to the manufacturer’s Instruction of Terms of Service), these packaging boxes may be disposed of if there is no problem.

 


Optical Data

 


Microscope Optical Data Sheet
P/NObjectiveObjective Working DistanceEyepiece
PZ04013221   (10X  Dia. 24mm)
MagnificationField of View(mm)
PZ080143110.7X135mm5.6-35X6.86-42.86mm
PZ040144311X78mm8-50X4.8-30mm
1. Magnification=Objective Optical Magnification * Body Magnification * Eyepiece Optical Magnification
2. Field of View=Eyepiece Field of View /（Objective Optical Magnification*Body Magnification）
3. The Darker background items are Standard items, the white background items are optional items.



Video Microscope Optical Data Sheet
P/NObjective Coupler
CP29031301  (0.5X)
Magnification
PZ080143110.7X0.28-1.75X
PZ040144311X0.4-2.5X
1. Magnification=Objective Optical Magnification * Body Magnification * Coupler Magnification



Camera Image Sensor Specifications
No.Camera Image Sensor SizeCamera image Sensor Diagonal
（mm）（inch）
11/4 in. 4mm0.157"
21/3 in. 6mm0.236"
31/2.8 in. 6.592mm0.260"
41/2.86 in. 6.592mm0.260"
51/2.7 in. 6.718mm0.264"
61/2.5 in. 7.182mm0.283"
71/2.3 in. 7.7mm0.303"
81/2.33 in. 7.7mm0.303"
91/2 in. 8mm0.315"
101/1.9 in. 8.933mm0.352"
111/1.8 in. 8.933mm0.352"
121/1.7 in. 9.5mm0.374"
132/3 in. 11mm0.433"
141/1.2 in. 12.778mm0.503"
151 in. 16mm0.629"
161/1.1 in. 17.475mm0.688"



Digital Magnification Data Sheet
Image Sensor SizeImage Sensor Diagonal sizeMonitor
Screen Size (11.6in)
Digital Zoom Function
1/2.86 in. 6.592mm44.7
1. Digital Zoom Function= (Screen Size * 25.4) / Image Sensor Diagonal size



Microscope Optical and Digital Magnifications Data Sheet
ObjectiveCouplerCameraMonitorVideo Microscope Optical MagnificationsDigital Zoom FunctionTotal MagnificationField of View (mm)
PNMagnificationPNMagnification Image Sensor SizeImage Sensor Diagonal sizeScreen Size
PZ080143110.7XCP290313010.5X1/2.86 in. 6.592mm11.6in0.28-1.75X44.712.52-78.23X3.77-23.54mm
PZ040144311XCP290313010.5X1/2.86 in. 6.592mm11.6in0.4-2.5X44.717.88-111.75X2.64-16.48mm
1. Video Microscope Optical Magnifications=Objective Optical Magnification * Body Magnification * Coupler Magnification
2. Digital Zoom Function= (Screen Size * 25.4) / Image Sensor Diagonal size
3. Total Magnification= Video Microscope Optical Magnifications * (Screen Size * 25.4) / Image Sensor Diagonal size
4. Field of View (mm)= Image Sensor Diagonal size / Video Microscope Optical Magnifications

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